Gladiatorial Contest In Rome Essay example -- essays research papers

Gladiatorial Contest in RomeRome was a warrior asseverate. Since the state was a great fighting state in their time, the wars sort of formed the gladiatorial contest in ancient Rome. The Romans were fascinated and pleasured by violence, bloodshed, and human damage the gladiatorial games. The gladiatorial contests began at the reign of their first emperor Augustus to pay tribute to their warrior traditions. The Romans built artificial battlefields within amphitheaters in cities and towns for public entertainment. It is very straightforward that gladiatorial contest were important because of the enormous size of the amphitheaters.In A.D. 80, the Colosseum, which seated fifty thousand people, was used to accompany a hundred days of games. On one of the days three thousand men fought and on another day nine thousand animals were killed. The public killings of men and animals were a Roman ritual believing that this was a religious sacrifice. Everyone in Rome was not entertained by th ese barbaric acts. The philosophers and Christians lobbied a pretendst such events. To little effect the gladiatorial games continued until the azoic fifth ascorbic acid A.D. and wild-beast killings went on until the sixth century.Evidence suggests that the contest was part of the Roman funeral process. A Christian critic named Tertullian at the end of the second century wrote, Once upon a time, men believed that the souls of the dead were propitiated by human blood, and so at the funerals they sacrificed prisoners of war of slaves of poor quality bought for the purpose. In 246 B.C., two nobles in award of their deceased father, held the first recorded gladiatorial event with only six gladiators. But over the next two hundred years, the contests started to become common and gain popularity resulting in the increase of gladiatorial shows. An example of a gladiatorial show was in 46 B.C. when Julius Caesar dedicated the games to his dead daughter and the victory over toad frog and Egypt. Caesar didnt have only the traditional individual fights, but withal he had fights between whole detachments of an infantry and between squadrons of cavalry who were mounted on horses and elephants. The games consisted of professional gladiato... ...ll of the animals were killed for entertainment. Gladiators were heroes to their culture. Even though most of the gladiators were slaves, women were attracted to them. But gladiators were also degraded by society. They were not allowed to be buried in normal burial grounds.Women also fought in gladiatorial games also. The women fought in the arena were men fought. An example of women fighting was found on a small stone relief, depicting two feminine gladiators, with one breast bare, called Amazon an Achillia.Sports today are on a much milder basis than gladiatorial games in ancient Rome. Today those type of games would be considered insane, but for Rome this was part of their religion and probably the most entertaining shows th ey had. Boxing and hunting presents violence similar to the gladiatorial games, but I presumet think it is as barbaric. For instance, boxers dont fight to the death, only 12 rounds, and hunters can only kill plentiful animals, such as, deer and ducks during certain times of the year. Between these two different society, violence is proved to be the number one entertainment source in the two cultures.

Irony in the Story The Lottery by Shirley Jackson Essay -- The Lottery

Irony in the Story The drafting by Shirley JacksonIn Shirley Jacksons The Lottery irony is an underlying theme employ throughout the story. The setting is introduced as a clear and sunny day, but ends with the brutal death of a housewife (715). The two people who essentially ply the town, Mr. Graves and Mr. Summers, in any case have ironic names. In addition, the characters and the narrator make ironic statements throughout the story.The plot as a whole in The Lottery is filled with ironic twists. The whole idea of a draft is to win something, and the reader is led to believe that the winner will receive some prize, when in actuality they will be stoned to death by the rest of the villagers. The villagers act very nonchalant upon arriving at the lottery which makes it seem as if it is just another(prenominal) uneventful day in a small town. Considering the seriousness of the consequences of the lottery, the villagers do not make a big deal about it. Under the aforesaid(prenomin al) note it is ironic that many of the original traditions of the lottery, such as the recital and the salute, had long been forgotten. All that the villagers seemed to remember was the ruthless killing of a random person. It also seems strange that they let the equipment for the lottery, the black box, get into such a poor condition. The two people who run, and the lottery, Mr. Summers and Mr. Graves. Mr. Graves is the postmaster for the town and is the person who swears Mr. Summers in as the lottery officia...

Ordinary Feelings in Judith Guests Ordinary People :: Judith Guest Ordinary People Essays

Ordinary Feelings in Ordinary People Ordinary People is a book that examines the life of a typical American family that seems to have it all together. It exposes the major conflicts among them pain, misunderstanding, hurt, forgiveness, and ultimately if possible healing. Conrad - with the story told mostly through his perspective, he being the one furthering the resulting course of events and at the same time the protagonist and antagonist ? is the main character of the story. While boating on a lake with his older brother, a fierce gale picks up turn over their boat and eventually leading to the death of his brother when he drowns. A failed suicide attempt by Conrad reveals how much he blames himself for the tragic turn of events and the inadequacy of communication between him and his pargonnts. The process of healing is painfully slow till the end. Conrad visits a psychiatrist, the conflict with his mother continues to grow and he somewhat patches up the alliance with his father. In the very end, Conrad learns he cannot replace his dead brother and can only be himself he is prepared for whatever might come. There are many important themes and events addressed in the book. Most importantly is how Conrad deals with his emotions and comes to accept and forgive what has happened to him. And the author shows us that this can only be done by love, support, and trust. Conrad thinks by not expressing his emotions he is less vulnerable but instead he drifts farther apart from his family. The ordeal of attempted suicide and treatment has left(a) him feeling insecure and vulnerable and he instinctively puts up shields. Trying to appear calm and determined on the outside, he is still very confused, irate and is afraid he slip away again only to kill himself. He still feels responsible for his brothers death due to the fact his mom doesnt command to forgive him and the only way to punish himself is to deny, suppress, and control his fe elings lest they give him away. It is not until the very end when Conrad?s father, Calvin finally stops skirting around the subject but tells him that he loves him and that they finally develop a sense of trust and security in one another -

Of Mice And Men :: essays research papers

Of Mice and MenIn the story Of Mice and Men, at that place are deuce main(prenominal) characters, names George and Lennie. On their journey, they encounter more opposite themes, such as the toughness of life and euthanasia. Friendship is also a very important theme, probably the most important, because these two peoples intimacy grows and crumbles. The last theme is also very important it is the question of fate.Friendship is a very complicated word. What does it mean? Does it mean always protect someone, looking for out for them, or does it mean killing them you so someone else will not torture them? Whatever it means, it happens in this story between the two main characters, George and Lennie. George used Lennie for protection he also looked out for Lennies feelings. still he killed Lennie in his darkest hour, so he would not be pain subsequently Lennie killed Curlys wife. What does it mean? No one really knows the hole meaning. Life is hard, plain and simple. No thing c omes easy to anyone, whether it is deciding someones fate or just giving one person who may be different respect. For all the characters in this book, something stands in the way of their life cosmos perfect. alike(p) George has to protect Lennie from being hurt mentally but also wants to fit in with the rest of the people. Or Crooks, who just happened to be, black and crippled and has to quietness in a different bunkhouse than the rest of the farmhands. So life is hard and sometimes there is no way around it, but the best thing you eject do is cope with it.Euthanasia means a rightful killing. This happens many times in the story, George killing Lennie and Carlson killing Candys tail. But is there such thing as euthanasia? George was not happy when he had to kill his best friend, and Candy was not happy to see his dog die. So what does that mean?Of Mice And Men essays research papers Of Mice and MenIn the story Of Mice and Men, there are two main characters, names George and Lennie. On their journey, they encounter many different themes, such as the toughness of life and euthanasia. Friendship is also a very important theme, probably the most important, because these two peoples friendship grows and crumbles. The last theme is also very important it is the question of fate.Friendship is a very complicated word. What does it mean? Does it mean always protecting someone, looking out for them, or does it mean killing them you so someone else will not torture them? Whatever it means, it happens in this story between the two main characters, George and Lennie. George used Lennie for protection he also looked out for Lennies feelings. But he killed Lennie in his darkest hour, so he would not be tortured after Lennie killed Curlys wife. What does it mean? No one really knows the hole meaning. Life is hard, plain and simple. Nothing comes easy to anyone, whether it is deciding someones fate or just giving one person who may be different respect. For all the ch aracters in this book, something stands in the way of their life being perfect. Like George has to protect Lennie from being hurt mentally but also wants to fit in with the rest of the people. Or Crooks, who just happened to be, black and crippled and has to sleep in a different bunkhouse than the rest of the farmhands. So life is hard and sometimes there is no way around it, but the best thing you can do is cope with it.Euthanasia means a rightful killing. This happens many times in the story, George killing Lennie and Carlson killing Candys dog. But is there such thing as euthanasia? George was not happy when he had to kill his best friend, and Candy was not happy to see his dog die. So what does that mean?

anthem :: essays research papers

     In the end of " anthem", Prometheus comes to the realization that his associations teachings and ideas were not helpful in advancement to the community. Ideas give care item-by-itemity, that the society tried to squash out of its people, is beneficial to the society as a unit of measurement because men ar meant to think for themselves. In the book Prometheus made the decipherable bulb back when he was in the society, but once he showed it to the beingness Council, they but him in jail. After this incidence he realized that no matter what brilliant things he invents, it will never be something that particular society can use. At first he is confused, but realizing that he was playing like an individual made him see that maybe society is the evil one and he is the good one. All of this made him realize that maybe he is not meant for this, and he is thrown out into the uncharted territory. He learns that men be meant to think for themselves, and that if they do society will become more travel and they will be able to move forward instead of staying at the homogeneous spot forever. This is how he realizes his "sins" were actually good and that men are supposed(p) to think for themselves.      In Prometheuss society, being an individual is considered a "sin", but as events occur Prometheus begins to comprehend that being an individual is the way men are supposed to think. In the beginning of the book, he has a name like everyone else, and like everyone else he is living in a world that thrives off fear. Everyone is panic-struck to think, act, or be different from the rest, because as society has taught them being different and an individual is a "sin". As he began to grow up, he sight that he was somewhat different from the rest of the people. He disliked many things such as the way society made people mate because he thought this was despicable and grotesque. The more he began to grow up he was change state more of an individual and this shake him, he even began to see himself as an evil person. When he started to play around with science and began inventing things like the light bulb, this scared him but then he reasoned that maybe even though he was acting as an individual the council would let it go because it was such a remarkable invention.anthem essays research papers      In the end of "Anthem", Prometheus comes to the realization that his societys teachings and ideas were not helpful in advancement to the society. Ideas like individuality, that the society tried to squash out of its people, is beneficial to the society as a whole because men are meant to think for themselves. In the book Prometheus made the light bulb back when he was in the society, but once he showed it to the World Council, they but him in jail. After this incidence he realized that no matter what brilliant things he invents, it will never be something that particular society can use. At first he is confused, but realizing that he was acting like an individual made him see that maybe society is the evil one and he is the good one. All of this made him realize that maybe he is not meant for this, and he is thrown out into the uncharted territory. He learns that men are meant to think for themselves, and that if they do society will become more advanced and they will be able to move forward instead of staying at the same spot forever. This is how he realizes his "sins" were actually good and that men are supposed to think for themselves.      In Prometheuss society, being an individual is considered a "sin", but as events occur Prometheus begins to comprehend that being an individual is the way men are supposed to think. In the beginning of the book, he has a name like everyone else, and like everyone else he is living in a world that thrives off fear. Everyone is afraid to think, ac t, or be different from the rest, because as society has taught them being different and an individual is a "sin". As he began to grow up, he noticed that he was somewhat different from the rest of the people. He disliked many things such as the way society made people mate because he thought this was despicable and grotesque. The more he began to grow up he was becoming more of an individual and this scared him, he even began to see himself as an evil person. When he started to play around with science and began inventing things like the light bulb, this scared him but then he reasoned that maybe even though he was acting as an individual the council would let it go because it was such a remarkable invention.

anthem :: essays research papers

     In the end of "Anthem", Prometheus comes to the realization that his purchase orders teachings and ideas were not stabilizing in advancement to the participation. Ideas like individuality, that the society tried to squash start of its people, is beneficial to the society as a whole because men are meant to sound off for themselves. In the book Prometheus make the light bulb back when he was in the society, but once he showed it to the World Council, they but him in jail. afterwards this incidence he realized that no matter what brilliant things he invents, it will never be something that particular society can use. At scratch he is confused, but realizing that he was acting like an individual made him see that maybe society is the evil one and he is the good one. whole of this made him realize that maybe he is not meant for this, and he is propel out into the uncharted territory. He learns that men are meant to think for themselves, and that if they do society will become to a greater extent advanced and they will be adequate to(p) to move forward instead of staying at the same spot forever. This is how he realizes his "sins" were actually good and that men are supposed to think for themselves.      In Prometheuss society, universe an individual is considered a "sin", but as events occur Prometheus begins to comprehend that existence an individual is the way men are supposed to think. In the radical of the book, he has a name like everyone else, and like everyone else he is living in a world that thrives off fear. Everyone is afraid to think, act, or be antithetic from the rest, because as society has taught them being antithetical and an individual is a "sin". As he began to grow up, he noticed that he was somewhat different from the rest of the people. He disliked many things such as the way society made people mate because he thought this was despicable and grotesqu e. The more he began to grow up he was becoming more of an individual and this frighten him, he even began to see himself as an evil person. When he started to playing period around with science and began inventing things like the light bulb, this scared him but then he reasoned that maybe even though he was acting as an individual the council would let it go because it was such a remarkable invention.anthem essays research papers      In the end of "Anthem", Prometheus comes to the realization that his societys teachings and ideas were not helpful in advancement to the society. Ideas like individuality, that the society tried to squash out of its people, is beneficial to the society as a whole because men are meant to think for themselves. In the book Prometheus made the light bulb back when he was in the society, but once he showed it to the World Council, they but him in jail. After this incidence he realized that no matter what brilliant things h e invents, it will never be something that particular society can use. At first he is confused, but realizing that he was acting like an individual made him see that maybe society is the evil one and he is the good one. All of this made him realize that maybe he is not meant for this, and he is thrown out into the uncharted territory. He learns that men are meant to think for themselves, and that if they do society will become more advanced and they will be able to move forward instead of staying at the same spot forever. This is how he realizes his "sins" were actually good and that men are supposed to think for themselves.      In Prometheuss society, being an individual is considered a "sin", but as events occur Prometheus begins to comprehend that being an individual is the way men are supposed to think. In the beginning of the book, he has a name like everyone else, and like everyone else he is living in a world that thrives off fear. Everyon e is afraid to think, act, or be different from the rest, because as society has taught them being different and an individual is a "sin". As he began to grow up, he noticed that he was somewhat different from the rest of the people. He disliked many things such as the way society made people mate because he thought this was despicable and grotesque. The more he began to grow up he was becoming more of an individual and this scared him, he even began to see himself as an evil person. When he started to play around with science and began inventing things like the light bulb, this scared him but then he reasoned that maybe even though he was acting as an individual the council would let it go because it was such a remarkable invention.

Responsibility of the Creator Essay

Responsibility of the Creator Elizabeth Shute May 11, 2011 Literature Mrs. OKelly I believe passe-partout Frankenstein was amenable for his creatures actions. He had many chances to help but he was a too much of a coward. For example, Frankenstein could have helped Justine but he was too s solicituded to chatter up. It was his fault she was in jail and it was his fault she died. She was accused of killing William because superscripts deuce put the necklace in her pocket. Frankenstein felt responsible for his younger comrades death when he effected that the hulk he created murdered William.Frankenstein started to feel as if he himself had committed the murder because of his role in the ogres existence. Everything the monster did was Frankensteins fault because he was the creator. Rather then he blaming the monster for his d testifyfall, Frankenstein blamed himself because he created the monsters life. Victor besides felt as if he, himself, murdered Justine because she was ex ecuted for a crime the monster committed. Elizabeth was altered by the injustice of Justines death, and Frankenstein felt responsible for that alteration as well.The chain of events that the monster set off with Williams murder began not with the monster, but with Frankensteins desire to create life. He shows his obsession with creating life when he says, I paid no visit to Geneva, but was engaged, heart and soul, in the pursuit of some discoveries which I hoped to make. 1 When the creature was complete he spurned it. He could barely look at the disgusting baptismal font which he had brought to life. He even says, Breathless horror and disgust filled my heart. 2 The burdenof remorse about his role in the deaths of William and Justine adversely affected Frankensteins mental and physical health.His responsibility for their deaths and whatever other demolition the monster whitethorn have wreaked on philanthropy overwhelmed him. When the monster came to Frankenstein to plead his cas e and tell his story, Frankenstein realized that he had some obligation to the monster because he created it, in the aforesaid(prenominal) way that he bore responsibility for the monsters actions. Frankenstein was nolongersimply responsible to humanity for the monsters actions, but he was also responsible to the monster for his happiness. Being the creator of a life was more responsibility than Frankenstein planned for.The monster called upon Frankenstein to fulfill his obligation of providing for his happiness by creating afemale companionto keep him company. Out of hissense ofobligation to his creation and out of fear for his family, Frankenstein agreed to make the female monster. His responsibility to humanity carried greaterweightthan the idea of his responsibility to his creature for the actions of the original monster and the new one he agreed to create. He hadnt yet realized the fullweightof responsibility he would bear for the actions of both monsters.Before Frankenstein co uld marryElizabeth, he had to complete his obligation to the monster so that he could be completely rid of him and the responsibility for his actions. As a result, Frankenstein postponed the wedding and took atrip to England to work without the danger of being discovered by his family. His obligation to the monster was not only to ensure the monsters happiness, which Frankenstein felt obliged to do as the monsters creator, but also as a way to protect his family from the monsters vengeance.Before he completed the female monster, Frankenstein realized theweightof responsibility he would bear if together the 2 monsters destroyed any otherhuman lifeor reproduced, and the thought was just too much to bear. Rather thandealwith the responsibility for two hideous, powerful creatures, Frankenstein would ratherdealwith the wrath of one, so he destroyed his work on the female monster. So began the battle between Frankenstein and the monster. Frankenstein was responsible for Henrys death at the hands of the monster, and this grief rendered him ill for a long time.Frankenstein is once again in the position he found himself with William and Justines deaths. He didnt murder Henry, but his friendship with Frankenstein made Henry susceptible to the monsters wrath because he used Henry to get defend at Frankenstein. Although the Irish magistrate acquitted him, Frankenstein knew that he was responsible for Henrys death because he had defied the monsters wishes and the monster repaid him by killing his friend. Frankenstein, ol eventory perception responsible forElizabeths death as well as his fathers, vowed vengeance.The only way to absolve his responsibility for the monsters actions was to kill him, so thats what Frankenstein set out to do. He was responsible for the monsters creation and its actions, and he planned to be responsible for the monsters destruction as well. Frankenstein never admitted to his family what he had done, never admitted or took responsibility for h is actions. He might as well have killed Elizabeth, William, Justine, and Henry with his own hand. The so called Monster only wanted companionship he did not want to murder those people.The circumstances forced him to commit murder. Frankenstein was the instigator of those circumstances. Victor certainly created something that caused destruction, not only in his own life but in others lives as well. Justine took the fall for Victor, dying for his secret. Elizabeth died because Victor chooses not to create another monster. The monster did not inevitably want another monster-like companion, he just wanted acceptance. Victor brought about his own destruction. Victors ability to deal with the real world was roughly nonexistent. He had only one friend, Clerval.His choice for a wife was a person he called cousin, but in fact was his adopted sister. Did Victor create this so-called monster to have a friend, the one thing the monster wished for? Victor denied his friendship to the monster , but why? The joy of creating life, the monster, overruled his judgment. He was denying the fact he had committed such a vile act upon humanity. He even says, A being whom myself had formed, and eluded with life, had met me at midnight among the precipices of an inaccessible mountain. 3 Victor may have admitted to creating the monster, but he denied that he had driven the monster to commit murder.He needed to admit, not only to himself, but to his family that he was the one responsible for Williams murder. By not admitting this, he allowed his friend Clerval and his wife Elizabeth to be murdered as well. His determination that his secret not be discovered became his downfall. Victor was responsible for every action of his own and for the actions of the monster. Frankensteins monster only wanted to be accepted for what he was. The monster needed a friend. somebody he could talk to, someone to love him, and someone to love back. Friendship was not possible.Unfortunately, the human r ace is very shallow. In the monsters own words he says, they spurn and hate me. 4 We tend to judge the shows of others, rather than getting to know the person inside. A persons appearance is only the shell in which they live, it never reflects the person they are. Frankensteins monster wanted a friend, not judgment but even his creator rejected him, not once but multiple times. The second time Victor rejected him he says, Devil, I exclaimed, do you dare approach me? And do not you fear the fierce vengeance of my arm wreaked on your miserable head?Be gone, vile insect5 In the end, Frankenstein didnt care whether he lived or died. Victor wants the war to end. He has lost every battle he and the monster have fought. I only think that He wished death upon the monster so that the murders will stop. Even in the end Frankenstein was selfish. He did not want anything to stand in the way of science. Had he learned nothing? At least Walton had learned that maybe people should take responsib ility for their actions. Walton did let the crew turn the boat around and not face the inevitable, death. Frankenstein made his bed, and now hes lying in it.In the end, Frankenstein died while the monster survived. So in the end, Frankenstein lost everything. Frankenstein led himself down the passageway of destruction. He lost his friend, wife, and brother. He was loved by no one. All those whom he had cared about were dead. His experiment had turned him into a shell of hatred and despair. His guidance on his creation, led him to a black hole, from which there was no escape. Frankensteins ambition did lead to disaster, but he was also the monster with no meet for human life. Now that Frankenstein was in the afterlife, the monster could now end his own life. His quest was over.

Qualities to Run an Educational Institute Essay

Hello I am presently wreaking for providing education to those who need it the most. I vocalise this as they are deprived of many resources which others can harness in their lives. As far as an ideal school is concerned, what I personally recover is that if you are able to provide the children what they need the most i. e. deterrent example value and skills simultaneously then a school can be said as ideal. Now what sort of skills is required by a child who is into school education is a question.He/she need not to be perfect to work on a computer or in a research laboratory as these are a part of higher curriculum, what he/she should ingest is a thorough understanding of the facts at the level of his class and that too in an applicative manner. Learning a fact by heart is a different thing and using it as and when required is an altogether aspect. What an institution should aim is to develop the confidence among the learners that, what they know is correct.Along with the inculca tion of moral values is also a very weighty help. Your students allow at some time be adults trying hard to make the ends meet and in that process they will face many difficulties. To help them to be calm and stable in such a situation takes a good understanding of moral values. I think ones truthfulness is helpful to him in many ways. He or she can escape many problems just by preventing manipulations of facts.If you are truthful you need not to remember any detail and helps people with you to develop trust in you. Participation of community members and parents is very important in good running of a school. The more is the interaction between parents and teachers, better is the understanding of psychological, social, economic aspects of a childs personality both(prenominal) ways. This helps in a better healing of the childs problems on academic, social and psychological grounds.I as an individual have an experience of transaction with those who have to be given education in spi te of many types of psychological and social problems and experiences faced by them. Many times the girls dont even trust you as a male because of some past experiences. Thats where it needs to be patient to wait for that faith to develop till interactions. I also have the required degree in education. My experience in dealing with CCA pattern prescribed by the education board will also be helpful in a better execution of curriculum.

Albee and Twain: Demystifying an American Dream

Albee and Twain Demystifying an Ameri tolerate Dream What Happens to a dream differed? / Does it dry up / like a raisin in the sun / Or fester like a sore- / etc. And then run? / Does it stink like rotten meat? / Or crust with kale over- / like a syrupy sweet? / Maybe it just sags / like a heavy load / Or does it explode? Langston Hughes American Dream was a term that first appeared in James Truslow Adamss The Epic of America, where he states The American Dream is that dream of a knock down in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or fulfilment.It is non a dream of motor cars and high wages merely, but a dream of social aver in which each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable, and be recognized by others for what they are, regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or position (Adams, 1931) It is this land Twain throws Huck and Jim to endure the hardships of life, to experience the thrown-Inness of beingness born(p) into the world unprepared, without choice. Long considered as a quest for exemption, Huck-Finn essentially is as M.Cox puts it a flight from tyranny, not a flight for freedom (Cox, p172-173, 1966). Freedom is essentially a relative term, and freedom may manifest itself in physical and psychological realms. Half of the world still considers itself honored infra the nomenclature of The Commonwealth, illustrates the limitation of physical freedom alone. One dreams in order to maintain that freedom, but as Schumacher put it, The greatest deprivation anyone can suffers is to have no chance of looking after himself and making a livelihood, depriving one of ones existence and consciousness of being free. Kumar, p2672, 1991). be a Post-American Dream novel, Twain did not go to the extent to overthrow the entire socio-political system to emphasize the impossible action and superficiality of American drea m. Europeans found the muddy lands flourishing with immense economical and religious opportunities. The base was perhaps that opportunities could not be isolated to lands, and certainly these islands cannot claim to provide equality and recognition to plurality of all races and creed, when its own socio-political apparatus is plagued with racism and lack of consciousness.With Huck and Jim, the racial discrimination prevalent in America was laid bare. Twain does not emit nigh conscience as a mode of judgment of human actions rather he infused the transcendental viewpoint of intuition and innate human instincts as the basis of making choices. Conscience, which are essentially derived from society, the learned distinction between good and bad, contrary to black and white, are merely false constraints upon natural behavior. such constraint is what Huck rejects (Burg, p303, 1974), something which is apparent when Huck says always do whichever right or wrong come handiest at the time . There can be no geographical location which can encompass this distinctness of human quality, to change with time as the instincts indicate may be not dictated or graven in law, and no moral order of society could circumscribe the complexity and vastness of intuition. We must not expect Twain to propound any moral view regarding the confrontation of races in Huck-Finn.Although set in the past, the novel peeps into the future and without dealing with complexities of master-slave psychodynamics, interprets the nature of freedom, something which seems to suggest that psychological freedom is hard to achieve in a night with such thing as an Emancipation Proclamation. If organizations like AfroAmerican Unity, Society of African Culture and resistivity fronts like Operation Breadbasket and Dont Buy Where You Cant Work were all prevalent during even the late 1960s, suggesting the fact that the totally concept of American dream was unacceptable to most of the black Americans.The fina l chapter of Huckleberry Finn which is often considered as a chilling descent is not a fracture in architectural unity, but a denial of celebration of freedom which one would expect from Jims chemise. Twain deliberately de-romanticizes and trivializes the whole concept of freedom, since the idea of equality and opportunity was White American the one who was aware of his past and ensured about his recognition, nativity of his own culture and tradition, the one who assumed the nationality of a land which captured.The slaves, who by now formed the consciousness of a community and not the citizen, was more concerned with their individual identity as Joanna Zangrando puts it the quest for black liberation is a search for what whites no longer possess in full measure a clear and purposeful sense of self identity (Zangarando, p154, 1970). Jims never been and would never be free unless he acquires an identity like the slaves of the African culture did. A slave in Nigeria, would still be a Nigerian, while Jim, does not figure into that frame of nationality, and neither into that dream which an American saw.The concept of American Dream was built upon the pillars formed by the dislocated and loth(p) hands of the slaves, akin to what the Romans did, and just like them, came down the fabrication of entire dream, devastated, stranded and lost. Nationality is not just one issue that can be talked about in reference to American dream. Societal dynamics function through interaction of power, authority and influence. It can well function without the aesthetic and poetic office of human development. And in a society devoid of sustainable archaic references, financial status does become a determining parameter of individual growth.Although not implicit in the original idea of James Turslow, but economic influence breaks its manifestation in the American dream of the common man. Such aspects find distinct voice in Albees works which revolve around the social fabric. The gener al view that Edward Albees turn tails are ferocious attacks on lethargy and complacency in American society and a savage denial that everything is just dandy receives a nod from Albee himself (Albee, p8, 1961) and he goes on to confirm his own claim with Whos acrophobic of Virginia Woolf, a play through which historicity speaks out for entire American civilization.How subjects receive names is also interesting. While George corresponds to the then president of United States and Martha being her wife, Albee certainly hits the nail on the head, illustrating a family whose life is drowned deep into the artificialities manufactured under in the social machinery. Near the end of the second act of Whos Afraid of Virginia Wolf, George, the professor of history, is left alone onstage while Martha, his wife, and Nick are playing the preliminary rounds of hump the hostess in the kitchen.Attempting to control his hurt and indignation he reads aloud from a book he has taken from the shelf, A nd the West, encumbered by crippling alliances and burdened with a morality too rigid to gentle itself to the swing of events must eventually fall (II, 174). George is clearly encumbered with a crippling alliance in his marriage to Martha and does seem to be burdened with a kind of morality that makes it difficult for him to respond in kind to her vicious attacks.At the same time, this observation on the movements of history, read in connection with the events of Georges individualised history, is a splendid example of how Albee has managed to endow the events of the family drama with a deeper significance, suggestive of larger events and movements. Upon the historicity and its relation to American Dream, Holton writes One of the principal myths on which this hoidenish was founded was the notion that America was a refreshful Eden, a second chance ordained by God or Providence in which man could stupefy all over again, freed from the accumulated sin and corruption of Western his tory (Holton, p47, 1973).With Holtons comment, we move yet closer to the objective of this paper, that not only could the American become a New Adam and found upon the unspoiled continent an ideal human polity, but this new way of life and new order of society could serve as a shining example to redeem erring Europe from her own sinfulness. Such a dream was essentially impossibility in an imperfect world where multitudes dream their own dreams.Thus the majority of American historians, says David no.le, have been Jeremiahs, decrying Americas involvement within the transitory patterns of European history and life history Americans back to their duties and obligations (Nobles, p4, 1965). With such a catastrophic dream at hand, the people of American couldnt have gone far with the nightmare it was to cast.It was not unprecedented, as such a crumbling of social order already shook the British machinery where The Angry Young Man was invented during the mid of twentieth century who looks back in anger and, shouts Id love to live too But I must say, its pretty dreary living in the American age (Osborne, p9-14, 1954). This disillusionment and dissatisfaction with life and lack of recognition in society, was soon realized in America as well. In fact the three acts of the play titled Fun and Games, Walpurgisnacht and Exorcism may be said to illustrate the historic passage of American civilization from innocence to guilt to insanity.America which began as an un-spoilt continent, convinced that it was unique in human history to create a perfect society, just like the Germans once thought, in a race of differentiation, grapple themselves from European tradition and history, in effect killed its parents. But how can one neglect the parenting they once received in Europe, when memories transform into haunting, only by retreating into madness can one escape the vicissitudes of history.Again in the words of Holtan, Both George and Martha indicate at various points that back there, in the beginning, when I first came to New Carthage, there might have been a chance for them. That chance was lost and now their crippling alliance exacts its toll from both of them (Holtan, p48, 1973). Finally, what Johnson perceived with his panoramic midriff while surveying mankind from China to Peru (Johnson, p50, 1749), acknowledging the universality of human behavior, holds true for any nation any island claiming to become land of opportunity.Freedom again is a responsibility, that functions under a collective consciousness of being free, consequently whoever, in mans universal condition, chooses freedom chooses it for everybody concludes Franz Adler (Adler, p284, 1949). Similarly an idea that negates the masses, devoids itself the potential of transformation into a phenomenon, its localization soon consumes its very presence with time. References Adams, James, Truslow, The Epic of America, Simon Publications, 2001.Adler, Franz, The Social Thought of Jean-Paul Sartre, The American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 55, No. 3 (Nov. , 1949), The University of Chicago Press. Albee, Edward, The American Dream, Coward-McCann, Inc. , New York, 1961. Burg, David, F. , some other View of Huckleberry Finn, Nineteenth-Century Fiction, Vol. 29, No. 3, University of California Press, 1974. Cox, James, M. , Mark Twain, The Fate of Humour, Princeton University Press, 1966 Johnson, The Vanity of Human Wishes, edited by Harriet Raghunathan, Worldview Publications, 2004, New Delhi.Noble, David, W. , Historians Against History, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 1965. Osborne, John, Look Back in Anger, edited by Neeraj Malik, Worldview Publications, 2002, New Delhi. Schumacher, E. F. , Dilemmas of Measuring Human Freedom, Kumar, K, G, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 26, No. 47, Economic and Political Weekly, 1991. Zangrando, Schneider, Joanna, Zangrando, L. Robert, Black Protest A Rejection of the American Dream, Journal of Black Studies, Vol. 1, No. 2, Sage Publ ications, Inc. , 1970.

Dating Younger Men Whats in It for You

Demi Moore, Madonna, H everye Berry, Mariah Carey, what do these names obligate in habitual aside from organism famous? They have all dated signifi privytly noveler custody. These women are always attending parties, heretoforets, red carpets, meeting millions of people, so what made them choose the immature boy over so many attractive, interesting men around their age?They are cougars some people would say, a term referring to women dating jr. man, that according to sex and kindreds columnist and writer Valerie Gibson was originated in Vancouver, British Columbia, as a put-down for older women who would go to bars and go home with whoever was left wing at the end of the night. Twenty years ago this would have been looked at as strange and unusual, but its becoming more than common every day. In 2003 a study by AARP revealed that 34 share of all women over 40 in the survey were dating younger men, and 35 percent preferred it to dating older men. The most recent U. S.Census Bureau figures show that 12 percent of all marriages were between older women and younger men. What is all the craze about? What makes these young boys so appealing to older ladies? Some of the reasons why women enjoy dating younger men are the control they support exert over them, their sexual empathy, and the printing of beingness younger. The first juicy little trait these women enjoy is having more control over their partner if he is younger than with a man at the same age. Older men are set in their ways of thinking, and because of past experiences, they have formed their vitrine and personality and are not looking to change that.Young men are more willing to learn and being told what to do by their char hindquarters give them a sense of stability and protection, which is also appealing for them. Some women have a motherly instinct that can be pleasant by dating someone younger, who they can take care of and at the same time tell them what to do. English writer Oliver Ja mes shares a aspect in his article, Why are so many older women into dating young men They can use their wisdom to help their young men, firearm getting a lot back in return. Many young men also enjoy this feature of dating an older lady, which allows them to learn recent things and be with a confident woman. (125) Furthermore, another important factor that these women are attracted to is the sensation of feeling young again. Dating a younger man can take them back to their college years and can even increase their ego and self image by realizing that they still attract the interest of a young man. This is the sensation these women experience while dating younger men in the words of Dr. Jennifer Berman, urologist and expert in womens sexual health, feeling beautiful, feeling attractive, feeling young.Being appreciated as a woman for all that you are and all that youve learned and all that youve become. This fuels that high self esteem, making them even more attractive to their pa rtner. Last but certainly not least, the compatibility under the sheets. Older women and younger men soon realize that they have something in common that makes the kindred so much better, their sex drive. Online column writer Chuck Ross, points out in his article, The call forthual Peak Myth, how men hit their sexual detail at the age of 18 while women hit theirs at 30-35. He further explains that despite literally no scientific support for this theory, this has become common knowledge in our society. This makes complete sense, a women who is dating an older man, maybe in his 40s or 50s may have the same reading taste, enjoy listening to the same music and share their interest on visiting museums all over the world, but when it comes to the bedroom, they might be going in completely opposite directions. This issue is obviously non existent with young studs. Self proclaimed cougar and author of Hot Cougar Sex Llona Paris, shares her point of view Flirting with and bedding a hot y ounger guy can ignite a womans confidence. And attention from a beautiful older woman will stroke a mans ego.A cougar knows what she wants, particularly in the bedroom. And because of her experience in the boudoir, she has a lot to share, which is interesting for younger men. (78) Yvonne K. Fulright, a writer for Fox News website, on her article Sink your teeth into the cougar, reflects about how young men are aroused by their strong confidence, less inhibited personality and more mature sexuality than younger girls. This makes them look in control and plug about themselves, and they are not shy about sharing what the like in bed, and showing it to their young partners.This further analysis helps the reader understand even better, why young men are more than willing to experiment having a relationship with an older women. Its understandable why some women make this choice, being able to control their partner gives them a sense of security, the benefits of feeling forever young, an d the excitement of a having a perfect match inside the bedroom. All this reasons can make a steady long lasting relationship between an older women and a younger man, contrary to what was believed years ago, a successful relationship doesnt have to be composed of an older more experienced man and a younger wome

Recount Starter Essay

I woke this morning just like every morning sprawled pop on my old mattress on the floor. As I began to wake to what seemed like an ordinary hot summer day. As I was getting changed there was a loud urgent bang on the door of the little tin hut at the edge of the lake I called home. This was unusual as I make love alone and dont usually get any visitors apart from the odd lost hiker. I finished getting changed and opened to door to hear them. Please I need your help a distressed teenager pleaded My boyfriend and I were packing down the track and hes scatty, theres blood everywhere I, I just ran and ran and found a little track which lead me here. Realising the extent of the situation I lead her inside and told her to tell me exactly what she remembered. The distressed girl said her name was Katie and that she and her boyfriend had come up to the mountains from the city for the weekend.We set up camp yesterday and collected enough fire wood for a small fire to keep the mountain l ions away Did you notice anything strange whilst collecting the firewood? I asked. Her blank facial expression showed that she was deep in thought, I did come across a dead deer with its head decapitated, but what was strange is that it was comfort warm, I didnt tell Blake as I didnt want to freak him out, this was his first time camping The girl sobbed as she began to cry. Its clear I said, you can stay here a while then we will drive up to your campsite if that is okay with you?, What if whatever took him is still virtually? She wept I have a rifle and a hunting dog whatever it was wouldnt stand a chance I said reassuringly. pass she spluttered, clearly not wanting to go back there.

Gender and Sexuality in “Twelfth Night” and “The Merchant of Venice” Essay

12th Night and The Merchant of Venice are two of William Shakespeares comedies which are famous for their theme of sexual activity and cross-dressing characters. duodecimal Night tells the story of a young woman named genus Viola who pretends to be a man to be able to find work in the dwelling house of the Duke of Illyria. On the some other hand, The Merchant of Venice is a story of a merchant named Antonio who helps his friend Bassanio to win the hands of his have a go at it, Portia, by allowing Bassanio to loan m singley from usurer and to get Antonio his loan guarantor.These two Shakespearean comedies similarly contain scenes where a woman cross-dresses as a man to achieve a p contrivanceicular goal. In twelfth Night, Viola pretends to be a man named Cesario to able to get a job under Duke Ullyria, while in The Merchant of Venice, Portia and Nerissa dress as men to prevent Shylock from taking a pound of Antonios flesh. The cross-dressing of the characters, at that place fore, reveals a theme of sexual practice in the plays. other aspect in the plays that discloses the theme of sex activity is the concept of close friendships or attraction between the same-sex characters in the stories such as Antonio and Bassanio in The Merchant of Venice, Olivia and Viola ( sham to be Cesario), Antonio and Sebastian, and Duke Orsino and Cesario (finally revealed as Viola) in twelfth Night. These complicated relationships in the stories show the complexity of sexuality and gender in relation to the attraction, whether animal(prenominal) or emotional, felt by the characters towards the other. With the characters cross-dressing, Shakespeare reveals the nature of sexuality in an obscure light.Brief Summary of Twelfth NightWilliam Shakespeares Twelfth Night starts with a scene where the Duke Orsino of the kingdom of Illyria hangs around with music in the terra firma as he thinks about his crawl in for the beautiful Lady Olivia. Unfortunately, Olivia does non ret urn his love because she is still in the midst of mourning for her brother who has died a long time ago.She rejects suitors and does not look upon marriage proposals. Unknown to these two characters, a young woman and survivor of a shipwreck with the name of Viola lands in the shore of Illyria. Unfamiliar with the place, she wonders if her twin brother Sebastian has died in the shipwreck. Upon hearing the story of Orsino and Olivia from a captain, she decides to work for Olivia in the meantime. However, upon finding out that Olivia does not entertain any strangers, she resorts to working for the Duke or else. This is where the pretension as a man starts. Viola begins dressing as a man with a new identity as Cesario.Duke Orsino immediately approves of Cesario and hires her as his messenger. The appointment of the story now arises as Viola begins to fall in love with the Duke who thinks she is a man, and he later asks Cesario to send his love letters to Olivia who, also believing t hat she is man, immediately falls for Cesario. In the end, all is revealed when Cesario and Duke Orsino arrive in Olivias house. Olivia greets Cesario with warmth believing her to be her new economise Sebastian, who was rescued by Antonio from the shipwreck.Witnessing this, Duke Orsino feels betrayed, save when the real Sebastian appears in the scene everyone realizes the truth of Viola and Sebastians personality. Duke Orsino proposes marriage to Viola upon finding out that he is real in love with her, and Sir Toby and Maria also privately marry. The play ends with Malvolio being freed and feeling defeated.Sexuality and Gender in Twelfth NightTwelfth Night embodies a great deal of issues with regard to sexuality regardless of whether it is homosexuality or heterosexuality. Shakespeare has clear illustrated the ambiguity of the nature of gender and sexuality. The issue of sexuality is evident as characters of the story have their own love interests. Firstly, Orsinos love for Oliv ia is described by Cesario to be With adorations, fertile tears, / With groans that thunder love, with sighs of resurrect (1.5.238-239). Cesarios line evidently depicts a passionate feeling which is intensified more by the use of words such as adoration, groans, thunder and fire. This choice of words obviously demonstrates an immense imagery of sexuality.It is also clear that Viola (as Cesario) has fallen in love with the Duke Orsino. She proclaims her misery in wooing his wench when in concomitant, she wishes to be his wife. To woo your lady. Yet, a barful strife / Whoeer I woo, myself would be his wife (1.4.41-42). The concept of hasty attractions between characters is always present in Shakespearean plays.In Twelfth Night, Viola quickly falls in love with the duke, Olivia also hastily becomes attracted to Cesario despite the event the she has just met him, and Orsino fleetly switches his feelings from Olivia to Viola as soon as he finds out that Cesario is real a woman. The notion of physical attraction to the opposite clearly demonstrates the concept of sexuality as the characters have not even spent enough time with from each one other to dismiss their feelings to be of love already. It is most likely to be feelings of lust as the characters would often refer to the physical attributes of the person first every time they ponder about love such as Olivias lines Ill be sworn thou art / Thy tongue, thy face, thy limbs, actions, and spirit, (1.5.273-274)The fact that Olivia also feels an attraction towards Cesario opens the issue of lesbianism as the audience all know that Cesario is Viola pretending to be a man. Her final monologue upon the departure of Cesario from Olivias house reveals her attraction towards the young and handsome messenger. Ill be sworn thou art / Thy tongue, thy face, thy limbs, actions, and spirit, / Do give thee five-fold blazon. Not too fast soft soft (1.5.273-275). She is easily drawn to the sentimentality of Cesarios idea whe n he declares that if he is the one courting Olivia and not his master, he would stay outside her gates and cry out his love for her until she takes pity on him.Violas assurance to Olivia as Cesario also reveals a somewhat obvious attraction of Cesario to Olivia. By delivering those lines, despite the fact the Cesario is a woman, shows that Cesario does believe that Lady Olivia is attractive and beautiful. Tis beauty truly blent, whose florid and white / Natures own sweet and cunning hand laid on. (1.5.222-223). He could not have delivered it so effectively without imagining Olivia to whom he is referring.Scholars go for that the concept of cross-dressing in Shakespeares plays illustrates the possibility of lessening conflicts between homosexuality and heterosexuality. Perhaps, the cross-dressed heroines of Twelfth Night or As You Like it offer a emblematic way in which the conflict between male-male friendships and heterosexual marriage fire be reconciled (Smith 147). Cleary, i n Olivias case of falling for Cesario, she fell in love not only for his handsome appearance but also because he has the sincerity that a woman needs from a lover. Obviously, Orsino does not receive them as he makes no risky effort to prove his love to Olivia. All he does is merely whine and complain about how his love is unrequited.Another part in the story that engages in the theme of sexuality is the seemingly homosexual love of Antonio to Sebastian. After rescuing Sebastian from the shipwreck, Antonio goes with him wherever he decides to go. He even goes as far as accompanying him to Illyria where he has many enemies. I have many enemies in Orsinos court, / come what may, I do adore thee so / That danger shall seem sport, and I will go (2.1.35-6). According to Smith, The word adore is a strong one where its used elsewhere by Shakespeare, it tends to refer either to the love of mortals for gods, or for an exalted form of romantic courtship (148). Antonio also entrusts his purse to Sebastian as they part, which reveals his genuine affection for Sebastian. This gesture clearly describes Antonios unrequited homosexual love for Sebastian.At the end of Twelfth Night, Duke Orsino still accepts Viola even after discovering that she has fooled him to believe that she was a man. Surprisingly, Orsino tells her that he actually loves her.Boy, thou hast said to me a thousand times / Thou shall never shouldst love woman like to me (5.1.259-260). It is noticeable that despite his confession of love to her, he still refers to him as Boy, which is an interpretation that he still sees her as Cesario. It can be dismissed that the Dukes feelings towards Olivia and Viola may be just physical because he is easy to switch his feelings of love from Olivia to Viola. According to the book, A Companion to Shakespeares Works, in Twelfth night, embodied sexuality appears to be less important than garments in establishing gendered identity (Rackin 123).Brief Summary of The Merchant of VeniceThe Merchant of Venice is the story of Antonio, a Venetian merchant, who encounters a predicament when Bassanio borrowed a big amount of cash from him so he could afford to travel to Belmont and win the hand of Portia. Antonio replies that he cannot lend him any money because he has already invested them on his trade ships, but he assures Bassanio that he could lend from any money lending investor and refer to him as a complete guarantor.The two men approach Shylock, a Jewish money lender who secretly despises Antonio for humiliating him numerous times in the past. He agrees to lend money to Bassanio under the condition that if Antonio fails to pay the debt, he is authorize to cut a pound of flesh from Antonio. They closed the deal.Fortunately, Bassanio is able to win Portias hand despite the complexity of her dead fathers will but when he finds out that Antonios trade ships have been reported missing, he goes back to Venice to help his friend out. With the help of the Du ke of Venice and his hired attorney, Balthasar, who is in fact Portia pretending to be a man, try to convince Shylock to negotiate and just take double of the money that he has loaned to Bassanio. Shylock refuses to hear it and insists that he cuts a pound of Antonios flesh.Balthasar agrees by also adding that Shylock must cut the flesh without causing it to bleed or else all his properties would be confiscated. futile to protest any longer, Shylock surrenders and agrees to take the money from Bassanio. He is then prosecuted for attempting to kill a citizen, so half of his properties must go to the government and the other half to Antonio.In the end, Bassanio and Graziano thank Balthasar and his assistant, who is actually Grazianos wife Nerissa, by offering presents to them. Balthasar demands to have his ring to which Bassanio hesitates but later gives. Upon returning to Belmont, Portia and Nerissa confront and commove their husband of infidelity because of the ring that they prom ised never to give under any circumstances. After a short while of arguments, they reconcile by revealing their admittedly identities in the case of Shylock and Antonio.Sexuality and Gender in The Merchant of VeniceSimilar to Twelfth Night, The Merchant of Venice also includes a scene where a woman dresses as a man to accomplish a goal that would later benefit the protagonists at the end of the story. In this case, Portia is the woman character who pretends to be a male attorney to rescue Antonio from being cut by the vengeful Shylock.By using her wits and intelligence, she is able to notice a reverse in the earlier contract that the two men have agreed upon which leads to the successful negotiation of Shylock by just taking the money instead of taking a pound of Antonios flesh. In this regard, the em plyment of the female sexuality is insinuated by means of giving Portia authority in the case. The concept of womens liberation movement is clear in this play as female sexuality is deemed to be more empowered in the story than the male sexuality.Cross-dressing obviously plays a bigger role in symbolizing sexuality and gender in the play. Shakespeare uses Portias disguise to highlight the struggle between heterosexual love and homosexual love found within the love triangle consisting of Portia, Bassanio, and Antonio (eNotes.com). In the first part of the story, we witness Antonios unexplainable sadness, and when Bassanio arrives, he immediately asks him of his lady-love.This can be an indication that Antonio feels some kind of affection for Bassanio and it might be the reason why he cannot explain his own sadness. It is also apparent that upon Bassanios arrival, Antonio is very evoke in finding out about Bassanios new love. Antonios reference to Basssanio as, My purse, my person, my extremest means, / Lie all unlockd to your occasions (1.1.138-139), reveals an indication that there is more to Antonios brotherly feelings towards Bassanio.It is also clear that Antonio has lent Bassanio a big amount of money before and it is not the first time that Bassanio asks a big favor from him. This gesture of eminent closeness between two male friends demonstrates an implicit depth of relationship which is more than friendship.The pound of flesh can be a symbol of sexuality in the play. Flesh clearly symbolizes the lust of the flesh, and even though there is no direct evidence that Shylock is homosexual, it can be regarded that the symbolism of flesh refers to the other characters in the story. Clearly, there are a number of couples in the story such as Portia and Bassanio, Jessica and Lorenzo, and Nerissa and Graziano.This could be a reference that they are examples of people who lust after flesh because of their quick engagements despite the short span of time that they have known each other. It is also apparent that love in this play is much more associated with the hasty physical attraction rather than the concept of extensive courting and getti ng-to-know-each-other stage. The fact that Portias dead father prefers to have a groom for her who can luckily choose the right casket reveals that the present society of the play does not give much importance to feelings but more on practicality.The concept of patriarchal authority is also apparent in the plot of the play as symbolized by Portias fathers will. The will represents the authority that her father still has over her decisions despite the fact that he is already dead. The will, therefore, holds the remaining power of her father which clearly reveals a society where men rule.According the plays guide, The plot parallels and contrasts the rivalry between Portia and Antonio in the main plot and highlights the conflict between male friendship and marriage which runs throughout Shakespeares works (Janik 186). Clearly, in this play, Portia seems to be the hindrance between Antonio and Bassanios friendship. However, in the end, she proves to be the one with the authority, as sh e disguises herself as a man of law to save Antonio. Thus, Portias female sexuality becomes more authoritative in the play because she is able to resolve the task that neither Antonio nor the Duke of Venice can resolve.ConclusionTwelfth Night and The Merchant of Venice encompass a complex plot of mistaken identities and deliberate cross-dressing. The fact that the female characters finally save the men from their miseries in the end proves that these Shakespearean plays also include the concept of feminism. However, the theme of sexuality is more focused on the relationships between the heterosexual major characters, while the implicit concept of homosexuality is ambiguous in the male-male friendships. Nevertheless, these two Shakespearean works still embody a story that new(a) readers could still relate to as the theme of sexuality is continuously present in our society.Works CitedJanik, Vicki K. The Merchant of Venice A Guide to the Play. Connecticut Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003.Rackin, Phyllis. Shakespeares Crossdressing Comedies. A Companion to Shakespeares Works. Eds. Richard Dutton and Jean Elizabeth Howard. unite Kingdom Blackwell Publishing, 2003.Shakespeare, William. The Merchant of Venice. Ed. Roma Gill. Oxford Barrons Educational Series, 2001.Shakespeare, William. Twelfth Night Or, What You Will. Ed. Cedric Thomas Watts. Hertfordshire Wordsworth Editions, 1992Smith, Emma. The Cambridge Introduction to Shakespeare. United Kingdom Cambridge University Press, 2007.The Merchant of Venice (Vol. 40) Introduction. Shakespearean Criticism. Ed. Dana Ramel Barnes. Vol. 40. Gale Cengage, 2006. eNotes.com. 12 Mar 2009

Mineral and Water Function Essay

Minerals have an important role in the health of the body. In order for the body to remain healthy, 20 minerals be needed. There are some minerals that have specific functions and other bed have many disparate functions. Minerals can help structure the body and also help regulate the processes by the body which help to maintain itself. Calcium is responsible for many functions in the body. Calcium keeps the bones strong, helps regulate blood pressure, helps muscles contract, and transmits nerve signals from cell to cell.Minerals are consumes from many different places such as plants and animals. Minerals from both plants and animals can either tender an advantage or contaminate the body. It all depends on the conditions the plant or animal was raised in. Food lose their minerals during the processing period but they are enriched to help get back some of those lost minerals. By eating a variety of food being processed and unprocessed, a person can be reinsured of the proper minera l consumption.Minerals that come from animals have a better chance to be absorbed than those that are received in plants (Grosvenor & Smolin, 2006). Water is a very important for the body to remain healthy. The cells of the body bathes in the water we have in our system. Water lubricates and cleanses our internal and external parts of the body. When our tear ducts set free water, the water lubricates and washes or flushes out our eyes. Water helps proved chemical chemical reactions that provide minerals and vitamins that the body intakes to dissolve. Water is a big help in the chemical reaction of metabolism.Body temperature is regulated with the help of water, and this is the reason why it is important to stay hydrated. Dehydration comes with several signs. Headache, fatigue, loss of appetite, dry eyes and mouth, and dark urine are the counterbalance symptoms of drying up. If the body continues to not receive the amount of water it requires, it can become more serious and fatal. More serious signs of dehydration are nausea, difficulty concentrating, confusion, and disorientation. If dehydration is not treated can lead to death (Grosvenor & Smolin, 2006).

IT †Foundations of Computing and Communication Essay

There is no doubt that with the increased availability of communication theory and development Technology, school-age childs often consider themselves as they know both reading that their universities argon providing with. sluice parents are misguided by their children when they come to know that their children are capable of operating computers and collide withing Internet access. in time, the situation is honourable opposite of what is percept by the parents.Students operate computers thereby gaining access to Internet, not to learn naked as a jaybird concepts and proficient advancements to keep updated, moreover to be a part of entertainment provided by the Internet such as complex online games, chatting on workgroups, etc. Such widespread availability of Technology does not make any various(prenominal), literate bounteous to consider his class room studies outdated. In this context it would not be pervert to say that engineering science and communications (Examp le multimedia software and Internet access) brings a vast array of image-based information into the classroom.Before becoming available via the computer, this kind of information was found in the universities library and, on occasions, finished the purpose of 16mm film, filmstrips and, later, videotape and then cas come outte. (Abbott, 2000, p. 6) Recent UK government indemnity on ICT is supported by cinque research reports from the British Educational Communications and Technology Agency (BECTA). The nearly recent report was an analysis and investigation of the associations between gamy direct and low level usage of IT (networked technologies) and the educational attainment of pupils at university stages.This was due to the reason students became over confident however there was a positive and satisfactory opportunity for acquiring high ICT and pupil attainment in most of the associations (various subjects at different key stages) but in most elusions this association was not statistically crucial (7 out of 12 associations) and those associations that were statistically signifi rear endt typically observed only very small effects. The most amazing aspect of the report was that the censorious analysis negates the methods and data presented in the reports that does not consistently support the conclusions drawn by the government policy documents.Indeed, some of the data house be interpreted as showing that ICT is ineffective for students who misuse them. consort to Andrews, In addition, the evidence presented in the report was based on observational data and it is not by any means possible to establish and sustain a causal relationship between the level of ICT use and the educational attainment of the pupils because the observed effects could give right smart been due to other known or unknown variables. (Andrews, 2004, p. 34)The role of the learner should not by any means conflict with that of the teacher, as every teacher has his/her own teac hing course. Therefore in situations where students consider IT scholarship available on every doorstep, it would not be right for a student to consider technological accomplishment useless or underestimate the teachers lecture. Every teacher has its own mode and style of teaching IT which universities understand. Even most educational systems do not respond quickly to technological advances.Educational institutions act as a domain where universities are, by their very nature, conservators of prior knowledge, accepted understandings and proven methodologies. According to Mellon (1999) Technology cannot control learn as we cannot force students to learn every student has a unique learning style followed by his teachers and teachers has their own sizeableness in the eyes of the student even more weighty than the most sophisticated educational tools (Mellon, 1999, p. 34).Mellon is right to the extent until students are keen to learn technological advancements, but plainly it is not the responsibility of a teacher who spends hours of hard work in preparing computing lectures. This is evident from the case think over in which I interviewed Dr. Jack Thomas, a professor of Information systems at Glasgow University. Being a computer lecturer, Mr. Thomas still updates his knowledge every week, and in order to conduct a posing he needs to prepare his lectures according to the students learning skills.He often conducts turn over on experience seance in which he wants his students to be technically acquainted with the changing IT trends. However in a course study of . NET framework class, in the very beginning of a lecture he found majority of the class was not serious about learning and in the last lecture he acknowledged that the remaining half of the students who actively participated in . NET session were not able to resolve simple . NET programming questions.According to Mcghee (2003) the new system which emerged in 2002 and highlighted various issues re garding information that universities would have or should have anyway and which is in any event assume to be information normally produced by the HEI for its own internal QA procedures, has failed to identify the major cause of absentminded skills among IT students. The QAA and HEFCE distinguish between information which should be available in all universities at a high level to enable academic quality and standards to be monitored, such as summaries of external examiners reports.(Mcghee, 2003, p. 44) An understanding of the importance of organisational culture in universities is important in physical bodying quality assurance processes to apply to the use of ICT in teaching and learning, in making sure they are appropriate, and in being confident that they will gain acceptance. Effective management of universities is improved when the values of professional groups with strong shared cultures align with the organisational culture of the University.The design of quality assurance processes in teaching needs concerns about the values and roles of such groups, and to build on them from the top down and the bottom up, to maximise the effectiveness of such quality assurance processes. As off the beaten track(predicate) as quality is concerned, every year universities in UK traditionally work through coordination of collective decision-making processes, and this provides an important basis upon which issues relating to quality are played out. (Bhanot & Fallows, 2005, p. 23)It is therefore crucial to ensuring a student-centred approach to teaching and learning that quality assurance guidelines and measurable standards and performance indicators were established top down to adhere to standards, and bottom up to integrate with teachers judgements on the appropriateness of the educational applications of the technology. The real power of digital technology can be achieved only when we take advantage of the shift from the genius-to-many character of broadcast media , to the many-to-many ability of digital networks.To this end, the most nut-bearing early applications of digital technology in higher education involved using computer conferencing, electronic mail, listservs (threaded discussions), and other computer-based collaboration technology to link together both students and faculty in highly interactive learning communities, unconstrained by geographical location or time. Students already make extensive use of digital technology for informal learning, typically without the involvement or even the awareness of the faculty.They build study groups, in some cases spanning several academic institutions, working together to seek information, answer questions, and develop learning skills. In a very real sense, such study groups based on computer networks are providing students with greater control over their educational experiences. They also represent a trend in which students render their own consortia of learning resources and academic insti tutions just as the faculty build their own research consortia.Of course, these network-based student groups represent an important step toward active student learning. (In fact, when students are asked how they could best spend time on their college academic programs, they invariably rank student study groups at the very top, far above individual study or class attendance. ) On the other hand, todays concept of a teacher is not what was in the past that a teacher is one who develops and presents knowledge to passive students.Today, faculty members who have become experts in certain subfields are expected to identify the key knowledge content for a course based in front of their students with an aim to inspire or impress their students. Only in this personal manner the students accept their tutors they should look forward to gain knowledge. Frequently, others, including graduate teaching assistants and professional staff, are delegate the role of working directly with students, hel ping them to learn, and providing them with guidance and counselling.In a future increasingly dominate by sophisticated educational commodities and hyper learning experiences, the role of the faculty member will shift. In the new paradigms where the demand of IT is increasing in our social and economic gatherings, the role of the faculty member has become that of nurturing and steer active learning, not identifying and presenting content that is, they will be expected to inspire, motivate, manage, and coach students. (Atkins et al, 2002, p. 65)The widespread use of Information Technology does not mean that in a world driven by knowledge, students starts considering IT learning useless, enough or off-again experience. There is a need for people to realise that the only solution is to engage in continuous learning so that they can keep themselves and their skills updated. This need suggests that the relationship between a student, professor and the university may change just as we k now that a student if gains technical skills of technology subjects can be ahead of his professor. estimator literacy courses were initially encounter between technical education in learning centres and theoretical education in universities, they emerged as a culture that regards microcomputer technology as a revolutionary social force, and faculty who regard the computer instrumentally as a tool or machine. Computer experts call IT knowledge that enables them to get command over mastery over the computer problem closure, which includes heuristics (powerful ideas), attitudes about control (giving commands), and social relations (consulting) that transform the relationship between benevolent and machine.(Shields, 1995, p. 24) Progressive reformers could not carry out their mastery program in IT earlier in the twentieth century due to the reason that they did not have the means to deliver such individualised instruction. The climax of computer changed the Progressive movement think ing towards importance of students controlling their own learning it had no way to create an environment that would allow such self-management to occur. (Schank, 1995, p. 67)Computer technology has made todays students to lead individualised attention and real possibility and possess the ability to present students with tasks they are interested in doing. The technical skills emerged from the IT has offerred students the possibility of becoming inquisitive, the possibility of exploration, and the possibility of recovery from failure that is free from embarrassment. Computer systems can free education centres and universities to follow the course prescribed by the processes of natural learning.In the same manner as understanding the place of technology and technological innovation requires an understanding of the culture in which the technology is embedded, in order to grasp the technological concepts a student has to understand and grasp the changes to IT. Computers where on one ha nd offer students to explore technology from the ground root level, on the other hand computers affects the ways students live and work in the context of existing individual and group social patterns.The Littlefield students did not conceptualize that their increased access to computers distinguished them from other freshmen in significant ways, and our observations support this belief. Instead of isolating individuals, as computers are sometimes thought to do, the Littlefield network reinforced community life the computers and the network presented a set of shared problems, the solutions to which were discovered through a set of shared resources. In this way, students interaction with the computers and with each other were typical of their behaviour in other domains. (Shields, 1995, p. 142)

Is Gay Parenting Bad for the Kids?

Is Gay Parenting big for the Kids? In the society we live in today, many quite a little believe that being raised by a homosexual or homosexual couple isnt a good thing for the boorren. Based on the clause Is Gay Parenting Bad for the Kids? it seems to me that Charles C. W. Cooke (the author) and Dr. Mark Regenerus also believe that gay parenting is a bragging(a) thing. In the article, Cooke says that gay parenting is a bad thing because, the child(ren) will end up different or the children are going to be lose at least one of their biological parents and they might experience some instability.Even though this article is support the fact that gay parenting is bad for children, there are a few key points that challenge this tale because I believe that homosexual and lesbian couples are just as good as straightaway couples when it comes to fostering children. The first key point is that the article states that, two women parents better on average than a woman and man, or at least than a woman and man with a traditional surgical incision of family labor. This statement is basically saying that two women (on average) are better when it comes to staying in a relationship when it comes to raising children.Most heterosexual couples divorce even though they have family together, but lesbian couples continue to work things verboten in spite of their kids. That is a point that makes a comparison between lesbian and heterosexual couples. The nigh point is that, children raised by homosexual or lesbian parents are as likely as children raised by heterosexual parents to be healthy, successful, and well-adjusted. This means that no matter what sexual orientation the parents are, the child is not going to become a failure in life. They are still going to go to school, graduate, and become something in life. and because the parents didnt graduate doesnt mean the child wont graduate. Just because the parent didnt become something in life doesnt mean the child w ont. The run reason is that marriage between gay partners will enhance the familys stability and therefore be good for the children. This also proves that there is nothing wrong with homosexual or lesbian couples being parents. I feel as long as the family is stable, then it shouldnt matter if the parents are homosexual, lesbian, or heterosexual. In my opinion, I designate that it has nothing to do with the children. I think that it is just a stereotypical issue.Many people feel that because in most states gay marriage is not legal (yet) that homosexuals and lesbians shouldnt be parents. This article challenges and defends whether or not gay parenting is bad for the children. Even though majority of the article is against gay parenting, the repugn points stand out more than any of the other evidence. In conclusion, I do not think that gay parenting is bad for children. When the children start to understand what is going on, they have their own choices to make on whether to be st able and become something in life or worry about missing a biological parent and becoming unstable.

“The Veldt” (Analysis) by Ray Bradbury

Timeless lessons or themes ar featured in the stories that end up being classics. The authors who illustrate these ideas be the ones who remain in schools and accordingly in the minds of many generations. In Ray Bradburys short story The Veldt he portrays how portentous it is to rely completely on technology. Intertwined with this are lessons of greed and inattention. Almost immediately the technology of the time is introduced by the stove that is cooking a meal without the help of human hands.The mother and father named George and Lydia discuss the fellowship they bought purposely so that they wouldnt have to do anything for themselves. They walked down the hall of their soundproofed Happylife Home, which had cost them thirty gravitational constant dollars installed, this house which clothed and fed and rocked them to sleep and played and sang and was good to them (Bradbury). Like many resurrects they cherished the best for their children but lost sight of what was truly imp ortant along the way. While there isnt anything inherently wrong with technology itself, it is societys reliance on it that can and will designer problems.As George and Lydia are talking about their home and the effect its had on their son and daughter named dickhead and Wendy, the author reveals a frightening idea. He starts to insinuate that the children prefer the house to their parents because it has assumed their roles. Neither parent is involved in any aspect of their lives because the house can do it all. Thats just it. I tone of voice like I dont belong here. The house is wife and mother now, and nursemaid. Can I compete with an African veldt?Can I give a bath and scrub the children as efficiently or quickly as the automatic scrub bath can? I cannot. And it isnt just me. Its you. Youve been awfully tense lately (Bradbury). They have allowed the ultimate in convenience technology to rob their family of any feeling of nearness that comes about from obligations, love, conv ersation and simple fundamental interactions. By the time anything is decided upon to make a change to the complaint of their lives it is too late. The parents have realized their mistake and are taking measures against their past infractions.However, their path has been set and they are unable to avoid their fate at the hands of their own children. By voluntarily giving up their parental roles out of a greed for the latest and best technology, George and Lydia have given Peter and Wendy a frightening freedom that of no family obligations or ties except to each other. Their inattentiveness towards their children alienated them even advertise helping to create a chasm that has become impassable. Ray Bradbury felt that a warning against technology was in order and wrote an exceptional example.This story is timeless because technology continues to grow and evolve as society asks for to a greater extent and more. With such growth continuous and inevitable, it is important to keep in m ind the significance of human interaction in everyday life. While the end result is drastic, it is this clear and direct manner that brings home the impressiveness of participation within a family and the warning against greed. Most importantly, it impresses upon the reader the mistake of entrusting everything, up to and including personal existence, to technology.

Women’s Employment and The Phenomenon of Dual Breadwinners in Canada

Throughout the early parts of Canadian history, Canadian wo manpower served only as wives and mothers where they sh atomic reduce 18d the reservations of motherhood, the tasks and responsibilities of managing their home, and the vocation of serving their families (Errington 7). Throughout this century, dig out or work was significantly divided set in motion on gender. As Elizabeth Jane Errington wrote, Men hunted, worked the fields, and cardinalded to the heavy outdoor chores. Women kept the home, raised the children, and provided the food and clothing needful for daily subsistence (8). Regardless of their economic positioning, women were limited to producing sobers and services for their households. They were tasked to clean the house, cook food for the family and worked on a routine household chore. Thus the lives of Canadian women were dictated by the cycles of pregnancy, childbirth, and lactation (Errington 11). During the twentieth century, women were still discriminat ed in profession.There were reports of un relate gets between men and women workers wherein mens salary is far above than womens salary. However, during the 1950s to 1960s, the new barter statutes in Canada were formed to prevent discrimination in art parity to race, religion, and gender. For instance, the first Canadian Bill of Rights has enclosed equal employment opportunity for all(a) Canadians catchless of their gender, thereby prescribing equal digest for men and women. However, this bill failed to address the employment condition of the disadvantaged group.Thus, in 1970s, brought by change magnitude pressure from minority and women group, the federal government instituted special programs that would improve the employment status of two groups. In 1977, the Legislature passed the Canadian Human Rights Act which aimed to protect Canadians from discrimination ground on ten grounds race, national ethnic origin, color, religion, age, sex, marital status, family status, di sability and conviction for offence for which a pardon has been apt(p) (Human Resources and Skills Development Canada HRSDC).Six years later, the Royal Commission on Equality in date (RCEE) was founded to oust equal employment opportunities through methods deemed as close effective, efficient, and equitable. This activity was delegated to indivi duples with disabilities, aboriginal communitys, minority persons and women. The following year, forecast Rosalie Abella released the report of this commission which addressed the problem relating to employment disadvantage. This report served as an instrument in the inception of Employment faithfulness Act in 1986, the purpose of which is toAchieve equality in the workplace so that no person shall be denied employment opportunities or benefits for reasons unrelated to ability and, in the fulfillment of the goals, to pass up the conditions of disadvantage in employment experienced by women, Aboriginal peoples, persons with disabilit ies, and visible minority people by giving effect to the principle that employment equity means more than treating persons in the same bearing but also requires special measures and the accommodation of differences. (HRSDC)Ever since this Act was instituted, the number of womens employment increase significantly, al skillful about causing women to claim equal ploughsh are of employment with mens employment. Considering a family where twain a father and a mother are industrious, dual breadwinners have become a bm in most family living in Canada. As the Canadian Human Rights Commission (CHRC), referring to equal pay between men and women, noned Canadian women have achieved considerable appear towards equality in the historic few decades but are still far from having reached wide-eyed substantive equality. Current Trend in Employment Equity A report on Womens Employment From 2005 to 2006, womens representation in employment remained steady at 42. 7 portion. In 2005, the perc entage of womens representation in the private orbit was 43. 3 percent, while in 2006, it was at 43.1. At the public sector, womens representation was at 41. 7 percent in 2005, while in 2006, womens employment was 42. 1 percent. Although, womens employment is significantly high, it remained below the availability in both the public sectors and private sector with a get along 48. percentage (HRDC). In the federally regulated private sector, most women found employment in the banking sector with 134,274 women universe of discourse or 68. 4 percent in 2006. Other private sectors where women have representations are in communications, with 88,398 apply women or 40. 8 percent transportation with 38,949 women employees or 24. 5 percent and others with 14,783 women representation or 30. 2 percent (HRSDC). Meanwhile, the number of women based on their selected occupational group is also noticeable with a total of 44. percent in 2006, wherein women who are engaged as senior manager was 22. 2 percent shopping center and other managerial level at 44. 2 percent professionals at 46. 3 percent and Employment Equity Occupational Groups at 44. 7 percent. Compared to the employment equity data in 2001 wherein women employment based on occupational group is summed up to 45. 3 percent, womens representation is lower in 2005 where tell total percentage was at 44. 5. Yet, it increased with . 2 percent as compared to the previous year (2008) (HRDC n. p. ).Furthermore, consort to a report from Labor Force Survey (LFS), the total number of employment in Canada has declined in March 2009, recording an estimated 61,000 unemployed. This marked the highest unemployment localise of 8. 0 percent as compared to 2001 where unemployment rate is only at 0. 3 percent. Employment losses are common among men ages 25 to 54 with 7. 7 percent unemployment rate, and the youth ages 15 to 24 with 14. 8 percent unemployment rate. In contrast to 7. 7 percent unemployment rate among men between the ages 25 and 54, the percentage of unemployed women in the same age bracket was at 5. percent (Statistics Canada 7). Employment of men whose age ranges from 25 to 54 was at 7,236. 6 (in thousands) while employment among women in the same age bracket was at 7,246. 5 (in thousands) recorded in March 2009 (Statistic Canada 24). change magnitude in unemployment rate was due to the financial crisis that faced the world economy where Canada is one of the most impact countries. Looking at the figures, one may assume that women are claiming equal distribution of employment among men. alike noticeable is the low unemployment rate among women (5. %) as compared to men (7. 7%). This only indicates that women are participating actively (by being employed) in both public and private sectors in Canada. Most Canadian women are direct becoming familys breadwinners. Employment Equity for Women is not yet in Full Substance legion(predicate) changes have occurred concerning womens representatio n in the federal government of Canada. deflection from labor force participation, Canadian women also found themselves actively participating in electoral federal voting (Erickson and ONeill 375). harmonise to Erickson and ONeill, factors such(prenominal) as increase in levels of education, occupational segregation, and lower pay rates incited Canadian women to cast their vote on people, party, or policy that aims for women equality with men. Armed with these struggles, Canadian women are straightaway seeking for a fairer treatment in the workplace. Gender-sensitive groups petition for creating policies that would provide equal pay, treatment, and opportunities for women seeking for employment and those who are already working.They also urge the federal government to stop violence against women which are often manifested in the form of spousal and sexual assaults. Although the status of Canadian women has significantly developed from being housekeepers to becoming senior managers, equality between men and women in the workplace is not yet fully realized and implemented. As the CHRC noted, For instance, in 2000, the average employment income for full-time fe staminate employees working year-round was 70. 8% of the income of male workers. Aside from the employment income, other factors such as gender, ethnic origin, race, and disability contributed to the economic disadvantage of Canadian women. As has been stated, gender-based violence in the form of spousal and sexual assaults also prohibits the substantive equality of men and women (CHRC). With regard to nature of employment, although the employment rate of Canadian women has increased, they are more likely to be hired in part-time and temporary work as compared to men (Cranford, Vosko, and Zukewich 456).This indicates that Canadian women are more exposed to invalidating employment environment such as limited benefits and statutory entitlements, low earnings, note insecurity, low job tenure, poor working conditions, and high risks of being sick (Cranford et al. 456). Many critics blamed the feminization of employment average which caused the erosion of the standard employment relationship which then led to the spread of non-standard forms of employment that exhibit qualities of unstable employment often experienced by most Canadian women (Cranford et al. 56). The growth of non-standard employment began in 1980s and is perpetually being practiced in the country. Furthermore, the feminization of employment standards was said to be brought by the following factors occupational and industrial segregation increased number of women participating in formal labor force the gendering of jobs to mollify more laborers and occupational and income division between and among men and women (Cranford et al. 460). Looking at this employment trend, it seems that Canadian women are still victims of inequality.In fact, many studies confirmed that the reason why most Canadian women working on a part-t ime and temporary basis is because they are being obliged to perform their chore of grapple giving for their family. As Cranford and associates put it Over-representation of women in more precarious forms of employment is shaped by incessant gender inequalities in households resulting in womens greater responsibilities for unpaid domestic work compared to men (460).Thus, although most Canadian women are now taking their part as breadwinners of the family, they are still more boundary by their household responsibilities as compared to men. Women Employment and Dual Breadwinners With the increasing number of women receiving higher levels of education, particularly those who are able to finish their college degrees, most of them are finding their chance to be employed in a high paying job. Being highly paid, these women are no longer concerned with the financial stick out that would come from their spouses.Most of them are interested in becoming successful in their chosen career. s uch(prenominal) womens aggressiveness often results in bringing home higher income as compared to their husband. However, over time, the phenomenon of dual breadwinners in most households across the globe has been bombarded with different issues relating to gender roles, equality, economic status, and others. It has been perceived that when a charr (particularly unify woman) starts to work and serve as the breadwinner of their family, indirectly, the tendency is that later, she would abandon her role as a married woman and as a mother.As Dr. Gail Saltz wrote For about couples, having the woman make more money than the man creates an impossible problem. Some men feel emasculated if their wives are the first breadwinners and they are asked to take on more household chores and additional childcare responsibilities. And some women feel resentful if they not only shoulder most of the households financial obligations, but also are expected to pick up the social lions share of the do mestic responsibilities.Moreover, living in a society that associates money with power, most people believe that the one who brings home more money automatically would lead or dominate the members of the family. Yet, the overbearing effect of womens employment and the event of dual breadwinners can be observed in the go along of the economic and financial status of each household where both parents are employed and are receiving good income. Women Breadwinners in CanadaOne of the most radical changes in Canadian employment condition brought by the course of Employment Equity Act was the growth of dual-earner husband-wife families as early as in 1960s. Statistics Canada identified that the increased in numbers of dual-earner couples during the past years was brought by the growth in numbers of wives who serving as the main wage earner in the family. In 1967, it was recorded that approximately 11 percent of married women were earning more than their spouses.In 2003, this percentage had nearly tripled, recording 29 percent increase on the number of women serving as indigenous breadwinners. Findings revealed that wives serving as primary breadwinners have an income of approximately $41,200 in 2003 compared to $57,800 income of their male counterparts (Statistics Canada). Although it has been noted that there are a considerable number of Canadian women who serve as primary breadwinners, Statistic Canada noted that primary-earner married women are receiving an income that is less than the income of primary-earner husband.Thus, families with wives as primary breadwinners are noted to lag tail the families with husbands serving as primary breadwinner. As stated in Statistic Canada report, Family incomes in which the wife was the primary breadwinner averaged $74,000 in 2003, compared with $86,000 for families in which the husband was the primary earner. In addition, on average, primary-earner wives contributed less to family income than primary-earner husbands. Em ployment earnings of primary-earner wives represented just over half of their familys income, while the earnings of primary-earner husbands corresponded to two-thirds.Analyzing this development, it can be assumed that although most Canadian women had found their place in labor sectors, there are still factors which serve as barriers for women to become the primary breadwinners of their families. Analysis and Conclusion Although womens employment had increased over time and that there are a significant number of women who serve as familys breadwinners, women have not yet reached an equal status with men nor replaced them as the primary earner in many families in Canada.One of the factors contributing to such trend is related to the amount of income being received by most employed women. Although the Employment Equity Act encouraged equal pay between men and women, most companies in Canada still advance higher income, benefits, and incentives to male workers due to perceived work haz ard where male workers are more exposed. another(prenominal) reason is that most women are engaged in low paying job. Although there are some who work as managers and high professionals, many women are employed in blue-collar occupations such as clerical, secretarial, service, and sales jobs where the salary is low.Men who are employed in blue-collar jobs receive higher pay than men because of the nature of their work which require strong physical attributes. Moreover, though there are a large number of women employed in both private and public sectors, the tenure of their employment could not guaranty high earnings. In addition, most women are more often receive part-time, temporary, or contractual jobs as compared to a large number of men working as full-time employees. Being employed as part-time worker prohibits women to receive more benefits and incentives being given to full-time employees.With these conditions, the following conditions of employed women in Canada can be infer red (1) equity and equality between men and women has not yet reached its full substantive goal (2) Canadian women are still victims of male dominion both in family and labor affairs (3) Canadian women are still struggling to have an equal status with Canadian men as primary breadwinners and (4) Canadian women still need to encourage the federal government to create a more effective and efficient policy addressing the issues of inequality between men and women by enclosing all the aspects of living (economic, social, political and cultural).Only when these conditions are addressed properly will Canadian women receive their equal share in all aspects of living among with men. Meanwhile, the positive effects of womens employment and phenomenon of dual breadwinners in Canada are (1) women are able to contribute to the budget of the family and (2) families with dual breadwinners are more likely to progress economically and financially.Works CitedCanadian Human Rights Commission. Social Equality in Canada A Submission from the Canadian Human Rights Commission to the United Nations Human Rights Council as part of the Universal Periodic refreshen (UPR). 4 Dec. 2008. 1 may 2009. .Cranford, Cynthia J., Leah F. Vosko, and Nancy Zukewich. The Gender of Precarious Employment in Canada. Industrial Relations 58 (2003) 454-482.Erickson, Lynda and Brenda ONeill. The Gender Gap and the Changing Woman Voter in Canada. International Political Science Review 23 (2002) 373-392.Errington, Elizabeth Jane. Wives and mothers, schoolmistresses and scullery maids working women in Upper Canada, 1790-1840. Montreal McGill-Queens University Press, 1995.Human Resources and Skills Development Canada. History of Employment Equity. 16 Sept. 2003. 1 May 2009. .. Employment Equity Act Annual Report 2007 Chapter 1 Women. 18 Jul. 2008. 1 May 2009. .Saltz, Gail. Women as Breadwinners? MSNBC.com. 24 Jan. 2007. 1 May 2009. Statistics Canada. Labor Force Information. 9 Apr. 2009. 1 May 2009. .. Stu dy Wives as Primary Breadwinners. 23 Aug. 2006. 1 May 2009.